Any employee engaged in work predominantly intellectual and varied in character as opposed to routine mental, manual, mechanical, or physical work; involving the consistent exercise of discretion and judgment in its performance; of such a character that the output produced or the result accomplished cannot be standardized in relation to a given period of time; requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction and study in an institution of higher learning or a hospital, as distinguished from a general academic education or from an apprenticeship or from training in the performance of routine mental, manual, or physical processes.  Professional Administrative positions fall into one of three categories:

1. Bargaining Unit Employees governed by University Policies and an agreement between Youngstown State University and Youngstown State University Association of Professional/Administrative Staff (APAS).
2. Excluded Professional Administrative Employees governed by University Policies and Procedures.
3. Externally Funded Professional Administrative Employees governed by University Policies and Procedures.